Low energy photon sources

Table 1: Calibration Laboratories for Well chambers (WIC) and reference calibrated seed (RCS). Accreditation applies to the whole Lab, being Primary or Secondary.

Labs	Description	Contact
CEA	Commissariat à l'énergieatomique (France).	Isabelle Aaubineau Laniece
ENEA	Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (Italy)	Massimo Pinto, Ph.D.
NIST	National Institute of Standards and Technology (US). PRIMARY	Michael G. Mitch, Ph.D.https://www.nist.gov/pml/radiation-physics/dosimetry
NPL	National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) PRIMARY	Thorsten Sander, Ph.D.
PTB	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (Germany) PRIMARY	Thorsten Schneider, Ph.D.
K&S	K&S Associates Inc (US) AAPM ADCL SECONDARY	Kim R. Working, M.S. https://www.kslab.com/, www.kslab.com/#contact
MDADL	The MD Anderson Dosimetry Laboratory (US) AAPM ADCL SECONDARY	Geoffrey S. Ibbott, Ph.D. AAPM ADCL http://adcl.mdanderson.org/ADCL_MDACL/home_link.htm
SSM	Swedish Radiation Safety Authority (Sweden) SECONDARY	Linda Persson, Ph.D. or registrator@ssm.se
UWRCL	University of Wisconsin Medical Radiation Research Center AAPM ADCL SECONDARY	Wesley S. Culberson, Ph.D. https://uwmrrc.wisc.edu/ info@uwmrrc.wisc.edu
VSL	Van Swinden Laboratory (The Netherlands) SECONDARY	Jacco de Pooter, Ph.D.
PTW	Physikalisch-Technische Werkstätten, Freiburg (Germany) SECONDARY (Accreditation in progress)	Pychlau

Table 2: Seed calibration availability in Europe. Seed model & manufacturer, Laboratories with WIC (well ionization chamber) calibration services and standard uncertainty (k=1), and reference calibrated source (RCS) calibration availability and standard uncertainty (k=1). Not defined uncertainties (ND) are indicated in cases unknown because the lack of information provided by the laboratory.

Seed model & Manufacturer	Well Ionization Chamber		Reference Calibrated Source
¹²⁵I STM1251 Bard	K&S MDADL NIST PTW SSM UWRCL VSL	ND ND 1.7% 2.8% 1.5% 1.9% 0.9%	UWRCL	ND
¹²⁵I Isoseed I125.S06 Bebig	CEA NIST PTB PTW SSM UWRCL VSL	ND 0.8% 0.8% 1.7% 1.5% 1.9% ND	NPL PTB UWRCL	2.5% 0.8% 1.9%
¹²⁵I Isoseed I125.S16 Bebig	CEA ENEA-INMRI NIST PTB PTW SSM UWRCL VSL	ND 1.1% 0.8% 0.8% 1.7% 1.5% ND 1.3%	ENEA-INMRI NPL PTB UWRCL	1.3% 2.5% 0.8% ND
¹²⁵I Isoseed I125.S17plus Bebig	CEA NIST PTB PTW SSM UWRCL VSL	ND 0.8% 0.8% 1.6% 1.5% 1.9% ND	NPL PTB UWRCL K&S MDADL	2.5% 0.8% 1.9% ND ND
¹²⁵I 2301 Best	NIST UWRCL	0.8% 0.97%	UWRCL	ND
¹²⁵I AgX100 Theragenics	K&S MDADL NIST UWRCL	ND ND ND ND	K&S MDADL NIST UWRCL	ND ND ND ND
¹⁰³Pd Theraseed 200 Theragenics	K&S MDADL NIST UWRCL VSL	ND ND ND ND 1%	K&S MDADL NIST UWRCL	ND ND ND ND

Table 3: Manufacturers providing seeds in Europe

Manufacturer	Description	Contact
Bard	Bard Medical (USA)	Edward Zdunek
Bebig	Eckert & Ziegler BEBIG (Germany)	Michael Andrassy
Best	Best Medical International, Inc.(USA)	Manny Amin
Theragenics	Theragenics Corp. (USA)	Hearn B